The Dixiecrats, who opposed federal regulations they considered to interfere with states rights, carried South Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama, to receive 39 electoral votes; their popular vote totalled over 1,000,000. Their goal was to win the 127 electoral-college votes of the southern states, which would prevent either Republican Party nominee Thomas Dewy or Democrat Harry Truman from winning the 266 electoral votes necessary for election. c. the CIA was involved. Strom Thurmond To the surprise of most Americans, Truman was elected president on November 2, 1948. d. education. The Dixiecrats, more formally known as the States Rights Democratic Party, were committed to states rights and the maintenance of segregation, and opposed to federal intervention in the interest of promoting civil rights. A conglomerate is a company that offers similar products in a number of locations. They also imposed Jim Crow, a combination of legal and informal segregation acts that made blacks second-class citizens, confirming their lack of political power through most of the southern United States. To understand some of the reasons the South went from a largely Democratic region to a primarily Republican area today, just follow the decades of debate over racial issues in the United States. false. First Amendment to the United States Constitution, In a paragraph of 35 sentences, describe the members of the Dixiecrats and their response to the, View The scholarship published in The Journal of Politics is theoretically innovative and methodologically diverse, and comprises a blend of the various intellectual approaches that make up the discipline. Becky Little is a journalist based in Washington, D.C. Up through the end of the Second World War, the Democratic Party dominated the US South; it was virtually impossible for Southern politicians to win office unless they were Democrats. In Alabama, the upheaval over Trumans civil rights proposals to repeal the poll tax, enforce job antidiscrimination laws, and make lynching a federal crime represented the latest reaction in a power struggle between the agricultural interests in the states Black Belt region and industrial conservatives and the New Deal liberals that had been going on since the 1930s and would continue into the next decade. Cohodas, Nadine. [16] The States' Rights Democrats eventually succeeded in making the ThurmondWright ticket the official Democratic ticket in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. For the post-Reconstruction southern Democratic Party, see, States' Rights Democratic Party (Dixiecrats), "8 things you didn't know about the Confederate flag", "The Complicated Political History Of The Confederate Flag", "The Next New Deal Must Be for Black Americans, Too", "African American Service Men and Women in World War II", "How the GI Bill's Promise Was Denied to a Million Black WWII Veterans", "Platform of the States Rights Democratic Party, August 14, 1948", "A Term Denied: The Election Campaigns of Gov. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Despite the Dixiecrats' success in several states, Truman was narrowly re-elected. The Peace Corps, a program of volunteer assistance to developing nations, was At its national convention in July, the Democratic Party adopted a strong civil rights platform. a. stopped immigration from non-European countries. d. an obstacle to change in election districts. The Dixiecrats were also known as "States' Rights Democrats" or boll weevil Democrats. What year was the modern civil rights movement peaked with the March on Washington in? The electoral violence culminated in the Democrats regaining control of the state legislatures and passing new constitutions and laws from 1890 to 1908 to disenfranchise most blacks and many poor whites. opportunities for all Americans. Whigs achieved early political gains during a period of economic depression in the late 1830s. During the 1950s, ___ jobs declined. The population baby boom began in the late 1940's. True. Select one: True False. Was Richard Nixon's "Southern Strategy" different from or similar to the strategy that Lee Atwater describes? d. Jack Ruby acted alone. Frederickson, Kari. The Dixiecrats, formally known as the States' Rights Democratic Party, were disturbed by their region's [] Chairman McCorvey turned Alabamas early May primary into a states-rights referendum. Even during the last years of Reconstruction, Democrats used paramilitary insurgents and other activists to disrupt and intimidate Republican freedman voters, including fraud at the polls and attacks on their leaders. In the 1968 presidential election, Republican Richard Nixon or third party candidate George Wallace won every former Confederate state except Texas. a. secretary of state. Although the Dixiecrats have been dismissed as a failed third party, they were essential to southern political change. Efforts by States' Rights Democrats to paint other Truman loyalists as turncoats generally failed, although the seeds of discontent were planted which in years to come took their toll on Southern moderates. These defectors, known as the Dixiecrats, held a separate convention in Birmingham, Alabama. Alabama law permitted only the names of candidates supported by the states electors to appear on the ballot. d. secretary of defense. The Dixiecrats platform was limited and negative. Dixiecrats. SURVEY . In the early days of rock 'n' roll, the audience was mainly African American and the musicians were mainly white. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The Fair Deal was an ambitious economic program proposed by President Truman., The Dixiecrats were strong supporters of Truman's civil rights policies., A conglomerate is a company that offers similar products or services in many locations. With the entry of the United States into the Second World War, Jim Crow was indirectly challenged. The Dixiecrat Party broke the solid Souths historic allegiance to the national Democratic Party and in doing so inaugurated an unpredictable era in which white southerners grappled with a variety of vehicles designed to thwart racial progress. d. link the White House and the Kremlin. By the time they left the Democrats, Dixiecrats Thurmond and Representative (later Senator) Jesse Helms were on the fringes of their . By the time Ronald Reagan became president in 1980, the Republican partys hold on white Southerners was firm. 1948 were counted, President Truman, to the surprise of many, was found to have been re-elected in his own right. Its an ironic outcome considering that a century ago, white Southerners wouldve never considered voting for the party of Lincoln. [18], In numbers greater than the 6,000 that attended the first, the States' Rights Democrats held a boisterous second convention in Oklahoma City, on August 14, 1948,[19] where they adopted their party platform which stated:[20]. The Republicans were dumbfounded. (\small \textbf{Annual Variable Cost} & + & \small\textbf{Annual Fixed Cost} & = &\small \textbf{Total Annual Cost} )& \div & \small\textbf{Miles Driven} & = & \small\textbf{Cost per Mile}\\ \hline d. stopped immigration from European countries. [16] Once in the House and Senate, the Dixiecrats hoped to throw their support to whichever party would agree to their segregationist demands. . [16] In implementing their strategy, the States' Rights Democrats faced a complicated set of state election laws, with different states having different processes for choosing presidential electors. conglomerate. In 1950, the states rights forces in Alabama lost control of the party to the national party loyalists. [18] In other states, they were forced to run as a third-party ticket. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina for president and Gov. However, they did meet later that year for a second convention, this time in Oklahoma City. Those men, who became known as the Dixiecrats, organized their own, separate presidential convention in Birmingham Alabama; footage from the time shows participants waving confederate flags as they strode into their convention hall. False. White legislators across the region sought ways to circumvent the ruling, and African Americans organized voter-registration campaigns. Sid McMath through the Eyes of the Arkansas Gazette", "Democrats Vote Today; Southerners Seated; Truman Puts His Support Behind Stevenson", "1956 Presidential General Election Results", "Thurmond Break is Made Official; He Will Work as Republican for Goldwater Election", "Reaching Too Far Back to Ladle Byrd's Grease", "No, the Ku Klux Klan Has Never, Ever Been a 'Leftist' Organization", "Fielding L. Wright (1946-1952): Legacy of a White-Supremacist Progressive", "The Dixiecrat Rebellion: Long-Term Partisan Implications in the Deep South", "Strom Thurmond and the Politics of Southern Change", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dixiecrat&oldid=1151648834, This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 10:08. d. encourage poor people to join in public-works programs. Other prominent Alabamians who joined the Dixiecrats included state Democratic Party chairman Gessner T. McCorvey of Mobile; Birmingham attorney and political operative Horace Wilkinson; Birmingham public safety commissioner Eugene Bull Connor; Walter Givhan, former head of the Alabama Farm Bureau; Sidney W. Smyer, a corporate lawyer from Birmingham and former lobbyist for the Associated Industries of Alabama; and textile magnate Donald Comer. A conglomerate is a company that offers similar products or services in many locations. After Roosevelt died, the new president Harry S. Truman established a highly visible President's Committee on Civil Rights and issued Executive Order 9981 to end discrimination in the military in 1948. big supporters of the B of R. Abolition of conscription, Rights of Indiginous Those Racist Dixiecrats Create Mainstream Republican Policy. b. Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone. In the House election it was believed that southern Democrats would be able to deadlock the election until either party had agreed to drop its own civil rights plank. Their electoral success depended on their ability to convince the individual states to pledge their Democratic Party electors to the States Rights candidates. Follow her on Twitter at @MsBeckyLittle. F. The population baby boom began in the late 1940s. The Republican Party supported business and industry with a protective tariff and hard money policies. Their goal was to win the 127 electoral college votes of the southern states. The platform calls for an end to de-segregation and for an increase in states rights. Tags: Question 5 . a. transportation. Dr. Jonas Salk developed a vaccine for typhoid fever. Kennedy appointed his brother, Robert, to serve as Was Richard Nixon's "Southern Strategy" different from or similar to the strategy that Lee Atwater describes? In recent, Born out of the contentious sectional issues that led to the Civil War, the national Republican Party first appeared in Alabama during Reconstruction. In the event, the Dixiecrats nominated Strom Thurmond as their candidate for president. [14] In July, the convention nominated Truman to run for a full term and adopted a plank proposed by Northern liberals led by Hubert Humphrey calling for civil rights; 35 Southern delegates walked out. [17], The States' Rights Democrats did not formally declare themselves as being a new third party, but rather said that they were only "recommending" that state Democratic Parties vote for the ThurmondWright ticket. In addition to voting for candidates for local and state offices, voters also chose the states presidential electors and delegates to the upcoming July national convention. [16] The goal of the party was to win the 127 electoral votes of the Solid South, in the hopes of denying TrumanBarkley or DeweyWarren an overall majority of electoral votes, and thus throwing the presidential election to the United States House of Representatives and the vice presidential election to the United States Senate. The more immediate impetus for the movement, however, included President Harry Trumans civil rights program, introduced in February 1948; the civil rights plank in the national Democratic Partys 1948 presidential platform; and the unprecedented political mobilization of southern blacks in the wake of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Smith v. Allwright in 1944. Planned obsolescence is a marketing strategy designed to encourage consumers to buy more goods. Under this scenario, the contest would be decided by the House of Representatives, where southern states held 11 of the 48 votes, as each state would get only one vote if no candidate received a majority of electors ballots. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. Who was the Dixiecrat candidate in 1948? The Republican party was originally founded in the mid-1800s to oppose immigration and the spread of slavery, says David Goldfield, whose new book on American politics, The Gifted Generation: When Government Was Good, comes out in November. New York. [16] Thurmond himself had doubts about a third-party bid, but party organizers convinced him to accept the party's nomination, with Fielding Wright as his running mate. Governors J. Strom Thurmond of South Carolina and Fielding Wright of Mississippi were nominated as the presidential and vice-presidential candidates of the States Rights Democrats. A group of southern Democrats, led by Strom Thurmond, walked out of the convention in protest. Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower won several Southern states in the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. [22] Wright continued to defend states' rights and segregation, but conceded that complete obstinance along the lines of the 1948 departure from the Democratic Party would cause his home state of Mississippi to lose "its standing with everybody in America. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university.