The origin of the Romanians have been accounted for in two theories; the first one states that the Romanians are the descendants of Romans, Romanized and live in Dacia, the Roman province. Nowadays, the term Vlach is more often used to refer to the Romanized populations of the Balkans who speak Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Romanian. N.N. In 2004, Traian Bsescu, the PNL-PD candidate of the Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), was elected president. [83][84][85] However the document was written between 1200 and 1230, around 300 years after the described events and some modern historians have reservations about it and find it unreliable. As a result, at the end of the war, Transylvania, Bessarabia, and Bukovina were awarded to Romania, through a series of international peace treaties, resulting in an enlarged and far more powerful kingdom under King Ferdinand I. [87], After the Avar Khaganate collapsed in the790s, the First Bulgarian Empire became the dominant power of the region, occupying lands as far as the river Tisa. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too. The principal minorities in Romania are Hungarians ( Szeklers, Csangos, and Magyars; especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mure counties) and Romani people, with a declining German population (in Timi, Sibiu, Braov, or Suceava) and smaller numbers of Poles in Bukovina (Austria-Hungary attracted Polish miners, who settled there from the Krakw For later events of the Empire of the East, see . The names derive from the Vlachs, who had lived across much of these regions. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation. Nonetheless, in 1859, Moldavia and Wallachia elected the same ruler, namely Alexander John Cuza (who reigned as Domnitor) and were thus unified de facto, resulting in the United Romanian Principalities for the period between 1859 and 1881. [133] Under regular phonetical changes that are typical to the Romanian language, the name romanus over the centuries transformed into rumn [rumn]. Thus the census definition of "Romanian" might variously mean Romanian-born, of Romanian parentage, or also include other ethnic identities as Romanian which otherwise are identified separately in other contexts; This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 20:40. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 bc, through the events leading to the founding of the republic in 509 bc, the establishment of the empire in 27 bc, and the final eclipse of the Empire of the West in the 5th century ad. Romanian Catholics are present in Transylvania, Banat, Bukovina, Bucharest, and parts of Moldavia, belonging to both the Roman Catholic Church (297,246 members) and the Romanian Greek Catholic Church (124,563 members). [146] Wolfgang Dahmen claims that the meaning of romanus (Roman) as "Christian", as opposed to "pagan", which used to mean "non-Roman", may have contributed to the preservation of this word as an ethonym of the Romanian people, under the meaning of "Christian". [40], 9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);[41] down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002. [138] Authors that travelled to modern Romania who wrote about it in 1574,[139] 1575[140] and 1666 also noted the use of the term "Romanian". Anna Comnena, The Alexiad, English translation: Elisabeth Dawes, London, 1928: Annals of Niketas Choniates, Translated by H.J. Romanian culture offers a variety of forms of folk art that have survived years of outside interference and domination. [88] The First Bulgarian Empire had a mixed population consisting of the Bulgar conquerors, Slavs and Vlachs (Romanians) but the Slavicisation of the Bulgar elite had already begun in the 9th century. ISBN 978-0-88033-440-2. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMadgearu2001 (. [70][71] The capital of the province was Tomis (today Constana). Contact: Sarah Eley. Romania is not Western. Where . [118][119] An unknown author's Description of Eastern Europe from 1308 likewise states that the Vlachs "were once the shepherds of the Romans" who "had over them ten powerful kings in the entire Messia and Pannonia".[120][121]. Several inhibiting factors (not unique to this particular case) contribute towards this uncertainty, which may include: For example, the decennial US Census of 2000 calculated (based on a statistical sampling of household data) that there were 367,310 respondents indicating Romanian ancestry (roughly 0.1% of the total population).[151]. The Moldovan language, in its official form, is practically identical to Romanian, although there are some differences in colloquial speech. sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnderhill_et_al.2009 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFUnderhill_et_al.2014 (, Molotov-Ribbentrop Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact, third largest ethno-linguistic group among Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Schism of 1054, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "68 Million Romanians live outside Romania's borders", "Rezultate definitive ale Recensmntului Populaiei i al Locuinelor 2011 (caracteristici demografice ale populaiei)", "// Recensmntul populaiei i al locuinelor 2014", "Romeni in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione", "Publikation Bevlkerung Bevlkerung mit Migrationshintergrund Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus Fachserie 1 Reihe 2.2 2015 Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis)", "Anzahl der Auslnder in Deutschland nach Herkunftsland in den Jahren 2014 und 2015", "Poblacin extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Ao. Socio-linguistic evolutions in the late 18th century led to a gradual preponderance of the romn spelling form, which was then generalised during the National awakening of Romania of early 19th century. Watch this video animation to find out some interesting facts: Romania is characterised through business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide. Les "Blachoi" de Kinnamos et Choniats et la prsence militaire byzantine au nord du Danube sous les Comnnes. Romania has 41 counties and one city with a special status, namely Bucharest. Romania, country of southeastern Europe. [37], The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated. There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Romani. Around 1.6% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identify themselves as Pentecostal, with the population numbering 276,678 members. "Scythia Minor". Census 2021 and 2011 Census data on unpaid care and ethnic group in England and Wales. The name Romanian is derived from Latin romanus, meaning "Roman". Most Roma speak some form of Romany, a language closely related to the modern Indo-European languages of northern India, as well as the major language of the country in which they . Romans conquered Dacia, and then migled with the native Dacians. An older form of romn was still in use in some regions. [132] The 24.15 million, however, represent only speakers of Romanian, not all of whom are necessarily ethnic Romanians. Kamusella continues by stating that they preferred this ethnonym in order to stress their presumed link with Ancient Rome and that it became more popular as a nationalistic form of referring to all Romanian-language speakers as a distinct and separate nation during the 1820s. Romanians are talkative and assertive Romanians like to talk. The closest ethnic groups to the Romanians are the other Romanic peoples of Southeastern Europe: the Aromanians (Macedo-Romanians), the Megleno-Romanians, and the Istro-Romanians. Source: Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHind1984 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJankovi2004 (. The third theory also known as the admigration theory, proposed by Dimitrie Onciul (18561923), posits that the formation of the Romanian people occurred in the former "Dacia Traiana" province, and in the central regions of the Balkan Peninsula. The later Roman province Dacia Aureliana, was organized inside former Moesia Superior. On the other hand, the Aromanians and the Megleno-Romanians are Romance peoples who live south of the Danube, mainly in Greece, Albania, North Macedonia and Bulgaria although some of them migrated to Romania in the 20th century. Etiquette and Manners in Romania Meeting and Greeting Initial greetings are formal and reserved: a handshake, direct eye contact, and the appropriate greeting for the time of day. Failing in his attempt, the Byzantine prince sought refuge in Halych but Andronikos I Komnenos was "captured by the Vlachs, to whom the rumor of his escape had reached, he was taken back to the emperor". The Roma are an ethnic people who have migrated across Europe for a thousand years. One, known as the Daco-Roman continuity theory, posits that they are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous peoples (Dacians) living in the Roman Province of Dacia, while the other posits that the Romanians are descendants of Romans and Romanized indigenous populations of the former Roman provinces of Illyricum, Moesia, Thracia, and Macedonia, and the ancestors of Romanians later migrated from these Roman provinces south of the Danube into the area which they inhabit today. [166], Most West Slavs, Hungarians, and Austrians were found to share as many identical by-descent DNA segments with South Slavs as with Romanians, Torbeshi and Gagauzes. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramure County (where they make up 6.77% of the population). International Statistics", "VOLUMUL II: POPULAIA STABIL (REZIDENT) STRUCTURA ETNIC I CONFESIONAL", "Population on 1 January by age group, sex and country of birth", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_Romania&oldid=1150440151. Race and ethnicity are two concepts related to human ancestry. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. A degree of overlap may exist or be shared between Romanian and other ethnic identities in certain situations, and census or survey respondents may elect to identify with one particular ancestry but not another, or instead identify with multiple ancestries; Counts and estimates may inconsistently distinguish between Romanian nationality and Romanian ethnicity (i.e. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250. J. Koder, F. Hild, P. Soustal| Tabula Imperii Bizantini, 1 Hellas und Thessalia DAW, 125, 1976, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSoulis1963 (. School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education). King Decebalus who reigned from 87 to 106 AD was the last king of the Dacian kingdom before it was conquered by the Roman Empire in 106,[63] after two wars between Decebalus' army and Trajan's army. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who toured the area in 1166 called the region of Thessaly "Vlachia". During the late Middle Ages, prominent medieval Romanian monarchs such as Bogdan of Moldavia, Stephen the Great, Mircea the Elder, Michael the Brave, or Vlad the Impaler took part actively in the history of Central Europe by waging tumultuous wars and leading noteworthy crusades against the then continuously expanding Ottoman Empire, at times allied with either the Kingdom of Poland or the Kingdom of Hungary in these causes. The origins of the Romanian language, a Romance language, can be traced back to the Roman colonisation of the region. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. The mid-19th century political discourse of Romanian elites, which rejected the idea of transplanting Western forms of development onto profoundly Oriental societies such as those in the Romanian kingdoms, marked the Romanian national discourse for the next 150 years. In sports, Romanians have excelled in a variety of fields, such as football (Gheorghe Hagi), gymnastics (Nadia Comneci, Lavinia Miloovici etc. In the de facto independent (but internationally unrecognised) region of Transnistria, the official script used to write Moldovan is Cyrillic. Hungarian, Romani, Ukrainian, German, Turkish, Tatar, Russian, Lipovan, Serbian, Slovak, Czech, Polish etc. 9 (1971) p. 585-593. Romanians are the natives of Romania sharing a common culture, ancestry and the language of Romania. In 2004 the country . Dodge, New York, Columbia University Press, 1970, p. 37 with n.82. [161] Numbering about 500 people still living in the original villages of Istria while the majority left for other countries after World War II (mainly to Italy, United States, Canada, Spain, Germany, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Romania, and Australia), they speak the Istro-Romanian language, the closest living relative of Romanian. [80][81] Gesta Hungarorum also mentions the Slavs, Bulgarians,Vlachs and the shepherds of the Romans inhabiting the Carpathian Basin: "sclauij, Bulgarij et Blachij, ac pastores romanorum". The influence of Roman culture extends beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, especially due to the influence of Latin and its expansion throughout Middle Europe. [124][125]White Wallachia, a Byzantine denomination for the region between the Danube River and the Balkans; Moravian Wallachia, a region in south-eastern Czech Republic). Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. [170] The frequency of I2a1 (I-P37) in the Balkans today is owed to indigenous European hunter-gatherers tribes, and was present before the Slavic migrations to the Balkans. Romnia are 19.053.815 locuitori. Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. The three principalities were united for several months in 1600 under the authority of Wallachian Prince Michael the Brave. The actual total recorded number of foreign-born Romanians was only 136,000. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.. About 89.3% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians (as per the 2022 Romanian census), whose native language, Romanian, is a Daco-Romance language . The basic vocabulary is of Latin origin,[128] although there are some substratum words that are sometimes assumed to be of Dacian origin. M. N. Guboglo, V. A. Dergachev; Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. Romanians are usually traditional and very attached to their families, so even you are dating an independent Romanian, don't underestimate the importance of the family in their life. Between Prespa and Kastoria, they met and fought with a Bulgarian rebel named David. of the women were of Romanian ethnicity, close to half of the participants (49%, n = 70) had . King Burebista who reigned from 82/61 BC to 45/44 BC, was the first king who successfully unified the tribes of the Dacian kingdom, which comprised the area located between the Danube, Tisza, and Dniester rivers. See, for example, Fabio Bordignon, "Italian Decentralisation in Romania", SEF 2003, Warsaw. ara noastr a pierdut peste un milion de locuitori fa de acum 10 ani", International Boundary Study Hungary Romania (Rumania) Boundary, "The Slavonian Census of 1698. Although the relatively newly founded Kingdom of Romania initially allied with Austria-Hungary, Romania refused to enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers, because it was obliged to wage war only if Austria-Hungary was attacked. Januar 2021", "Announcement of the demographic and social characteristics of the Resident Population of Greece according to the 2011 Population Housing Census", "Bevolking; generatie, geslacht, leeftijd en herkomstgroepering, 1 januari", "Immigrants and Descentants, 1 January 2020", "Utrikes fdda samt fdda i Sverige med en eller tv utrikes fdda frldrar efter fdelseland/ursprungsland, 31 december 2017, totalt", "Populao estrangeira com estatuto legal de residente: total e por algumas nacionalidades em territrio nacional 2019", "Permanent and non permanent resident population by canton, sex, citizenship, country of birth and age, 20142015", "Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, 1 January 2022", "Foreigners in the Czechia by citizenship", "Foreigners by category of residence, sex, and citizenship as at 31 December 2016", "Pentru ce facem moschee la Bucureti: n cutarea romnilor ortodoci din Turcia", "Population by nationalities in detail 2011 - 2019", "HARTA romnilor plecai n strintate. Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population", https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?pub=1124-originea-medievala-a-focarelor-de-conflict-din-peninsula-balcanica, " : , , ", " " / , https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad.asp, https://archive.org/details/o-city-of-byzantium-annals-of-niketas-choniates-ttranslated-by-harry-j-magoulias-1984, http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?pk=337176, https://archive.org/details/tabulaimperiibyz0000unse, "Treaty of Bucharest/Russo-Turkish history [1812]", "De ce este srbtorit Ziua Limbii Romne la 31 august", Magyar Trtnelmi Tr 4. sorozat 4. ktet 1903. The province ceased to exist around 679681, when the region was overrun by the Bulgars, which the Emperor Constantine IV was forced to recognize in 681. Rizos, Efthymios (2018). [137] Another one is Francesco della Valle's 1532 manuscripts that state that the Romanians from Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania preserved the name "Roman" and cites the sentence "Sti Rominest?" [111], The Second Bulgarian Empire founded by the Asen dynasty consisting of Bulgarians and Vlachs was founded in 1185 and lasted until 1396. Romani people constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. not all Romanian nationals identify with Romanian ethnicity, and vice versa); The measurements and methodologies employed by governments to enumerate and describe the ethnicity and ancestry of their citizens vary from country to country. This is our way of being friendly. Szukits Knyvkiad. 4954, Ibn al Nadim, al-Fihrist. On the other hand, the Wallachian revolutions of 1821 and 1848 as well as the Moldavian Revolution of 1848, which aimed for independence from Ottoman and Russian foreign rulership, represented important impacts in the process of spreading the liberal ideology in the eastern and southern Romanian lands, in spite of the fact that all three eventually failed. Romania has a long tradition of folk music. Pe un antier din Bucureti, lucreaz zeci de vietnamezi", "Nepalezii, soluia de criz a angajatorilor din Romnia. Additionally, in medieval times there were other lands known by the name 'Vlach' such as Great Vlachia, situated between Thessaly and the western Pindus mountains, of the Despotate of Epirus between the 12th-15th century. Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999),p. 44. Wallachia, the Southern region of Romania, takes its name from the same source. [18] In Romania, there are also guest workers from countries such as Vietnam and Nepal.[19][20]. The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. Italy and Spain have been popular emigration destinations, due to a relatively low language barrier, and both are each now home to about a million Romanians. As of 2017, an Ethnologue estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. [74], During the Middle Ages Romanians were mostly known as Vlachs, a blanket term ultimately of Germanic origin, from the word Walha, used by ancient Germanic peoples to refer to Romance-speaking and Celtic neighbours. Romanian nationalist believe their are descanded from Dacians. In addition to the colours of the Romanian flag, each historical province of Romania has its own characteristic symbol: The coat of arms of Romania combines these together. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. Byzantine historians usually described foreign rulers as archontes. The current vital statistics of Romania are as follows:[34], Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[35]. It was observed that the age groups were significantly different since . As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year. By the end of the 18th century, the Austrian Empire was awarded by the Ottomans with the region of Bukovina and, in 1812, the Russians occupied the eastern half of Moldavia, known as Bessarabia through the Treaty of Bucharest of 1812.[127]. Romani people. Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. During the interwar period, two additional monarchs came to the Romanian throne, namely Carol II and Michael I. total population: 75.6 years (2018 est.) [38], Romania is one of the least urbanised countries in Europe. [60] In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians in this country as well. [152] However, some non-specialist organisations have produced estimates which are considerably higher: a 2002 study by the Romanian-American Network Inc. mentions an estimated figure of 1,200,000[43] for the number of Romanian Americans. In 1699 it became a part of the Habsburg lands. Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. Moscow: Nauka, 2010, pp. [168][169] Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. Datos provisionales 2020", "Estadstica de residentes extranjeros en Espaa", Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration, "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom by country of birth and sex, January 2020 to December 2020", "According to the Secretary of State Romanian, Florin Crciu: In France alone we have 500,000 Romanians, more than what the French State declares today", "Ci romni muncesc n strintate i unde sunt cei mai muli", "Anzahl der Auslnder in sterreich nach den zehn wichtigsten Staatsangehrigkeiten am 1. Curta, Florin (2006), pp. 284, "On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia", https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_003, Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans, "ivot u sjeni konstitutivnih naroda Rumunji u BiH", "IRES: Aproape 9 din 10 romni se consider religioi, dar doar 10% in post", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Populaia stabil dup religie judee, municipii, orae, comune", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings", "A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations", "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12", "Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis", The Romanian nation in the beginning of the 20th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanians&oldid=1152706722, 1,206,938 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 748,2251,500,000 migrants from Romania of all ethnic groups, including a wide range of.