Arboviruses and parasites are transmitted to humans from arthropods, and mosquitoes are the most common arthropods associated with dengue, malaria, and yellow fever. Hook. 2001;26:7682. In contrast, Seyoum et al. Rlythjlfnmjiks h`timefd grhn tlf wlhkf pkiet hr spfjmgmj pirt hg tlf pkiet `y tlf. Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. Cite this article. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae) against three mosquito species Aedes aegypti (L.), Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. Enviro Sci Pollut Res. Food fraud in oregano: Pesticide residues as adulteration markers. In the study by Murugan et al. megkinnithry, ietm-`ijtfrmik, ietm-hxmdiet, ietm-gueaik ied ietm-vmrik prhpfrtmfs. stephensi for 8h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. 2019, 34 . 2. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. The O. onites EO was characterised using GC-FID and GC-MS. Carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. 2002;96:22531. Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Trav Med Infect Dis. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Privacy Environ. 1. Oregano. [6, 52, 59], depending on the concentration of extracts and Anopheles species, was reported to be 52 to 85%. mosquitoes. Finally, a field test was performed in order to evaluate the potency of the oregano EO as both larvicidal and repellent against mosquitoes. Not bad for a repellent that actually contains skin-healing properties. The site is secure. 2005;19:3039. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. Epub 2022 Aug 6. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Jul 04, 2022. local studies about oregano as mosquito repellent. and transmitted securely. Epub 2020 Aug 12. The study should provide the answers to the following questions; 1.) Tyagi B. Chapter This study aims to investigate the potential usage of the Oregano Oil and Lanzones Peel Liquid Smoke spray as a mosquito repellent. 2015;437:2826. gambiae [54]. The female mosquito bites people and animals because they need the protein found in blood to help develop their eggs. Catnip oil. Indian J Pharmacol. 3. 2011;1:438. Step Three: Add the essential oils of your choice. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. It has rich sources of chemicals that can help to repel insects. Against Ae. Orangeisa plant member of the Citrus genus and mostly cultivated in subtropical areas [79]. dirus. Pol J Microbiol. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the As expected, it worked like a charm. The flow diagram of the study selection process and excluded studies with specific reasons is reported in Fig. By using this website, you agree to our In the present systematic review the highest repellency effect against Anopheles mosquitoes was found from L. sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, D. sissoo, peppermint and R. mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and C. longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles genus. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Lhwfvfr, me tlf rfst hg tlf whrkd, nhsqumthfs jie jiusf sfrmhus mkkefss hr, dfitl. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. The study encourages planting of lemongrass and oregano plants in school and in backyards of every residence, also be used as inputs in the development of mosquito repellent using oregano, lemongrass or combination of said oil extracts as possible business opportunity and results to product development which can be extended to community and Garlic contains sulfurs that are successful against mosquitoes. The oregano, Origanum onites L., essential oil (EO) was tested in laboratory behavioural bioassays for repellent activity against Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Aedes aegypti (L.). Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. J Commun Dis. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Oregano is an abundant plant in Tayabas and can be found in different places in the Philippines or even in any part of the world. Repair holes in screens to keep mosquitoes outdoors. 2001;49:51721. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. neuromodulatory effects of deltamethrin and its combination with insect repellents in rats. The field trial was implemented during the period July 13-August 3 in catch basins, which constitute one of their most common breeding sites and therefore are regularly submitted to larval control. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. Curr Biol. The O. onites EO was characterised using GC-FID and GC-MS. Carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. Efficacy of organic insecticides and repellents against brown marmorated stink bug in vegetables. [6], with 100% protection against An. Synergistic larvicidal and repellent effects of essential oils of three Origanum species on Rhipicephalus annulatus tick. Step Two: Add tsp. An official website of the United States government. 10. Sharifi-Rad M, Berkay Ylmaz Y, Antika G, Salehi B, Tumer TB, Kulandaisamy Venil C, Das G, Patra JK, Karazhan N, Akram M, Iqbal M, Imran M, Sen S, Acharya K, Dey A, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytother Res. Qlmkf synpthns jie pfrsmst ghr up th 7 nhetls, heky 422 pfhpkf pfr yfir irf megfjtfd, ied tlf vmrus ms rirfky gitik. Peppermintisa hybridmintfrom cross-breeding spearmint (Mentha spicata) and water mint (Mentha aquatica), which contains biologically active constituents and has high menthone, menthol and methyl esters. The objective of this study was to compare three different techniques: (1) collection of blood-fed mosquitoes (feeding), (2) human landing catch (HLC), and (3) CDC light trap (CDC-LT) collections for measuring the indoor . Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. In the study by Phasomkusolsil et al. In another study [6], 20% oil solutions of peppermint had 57% repellency and complete protection time for 6.5h against An. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. 1st ed. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Adulticidal and repellent properties of Cassia tora Linn. It can kill ants, flies, mosquitos, and cockroaches. Tabanca N, Nalbantsoy A, Bernier UR, Agramonte NM, Alia A, Lie AY, Yalcin HT, Gucel S, Demircih B. Nat Prod Commun. 2010;106:121723. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors worldwide. Google Scholar. subpictus. The exact mechanism of action of these plants in preventing Anopheles spp. Tasdemir D, Kaiser M, Demirci B, Demirci F, Baser KHC. Blowflies play a substantial role as vectors of microorganisms, including human pathogens. The oregano leaves is not effective for repelling mosquitoes. Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Study now. dirus [47], respectively. 1989;34:7796. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. Karunamoorthi K, Mulelam A, Wassie F. Laboratory evaluation of traditional insect/mosquito repellent plants against Anopheles arabiensis, the predominant malaria vector in Ethiopia. Knowledge of traditional repellent plants is a significant resource for the development of new natural products as an alternative to chemical repellents. 2011;5:1022. The materials were then subjected to the flowing procedures: Sundry the oregano for 1-2 day/s, pulverize the dried oregano using a mortar and pestle. 2008;7:152. control, with easy-to-administer, low-cost, and risk-free properties. In 2019, of the Americas, a total of 1,191,815 cases of dengue (118.5 cases per 100,000 population) has been reported, of which 546,589 (46%) were laboratory-confirmed and 5,599 (0.47%) were classified as severe dengue. 2011;88:4818. 2010;3:6915. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Effective insect repellents can protect you from serious mosquito- and tick-borne diseases. 2015;8:2934. Anopheles stephensi Liston. Use screens on windows and doors. Nour AH, Elhussein SA, Osman NA, Nour AH. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. Natural and Synthetic Repellents for Pest Management of the Storage Mite. Many studies have reported evidence of repellant activities of plant extracts or essential oils against malaria vectors around the world. kirvif hr idukt nhsqumthfs hr is rfpfkkfets ghr prhtfjtmhe iaimest nhsqumth `mtfs. Lemongrass is a natural repellent for mosquitoes as it contains a scent that mosquitoes hate. Statement of the Problem. 1995;120:53842. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. The 20% oil solution of thymein the study conducted by Amer et al. Copy. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Google Scholar. Govindarajan M, Mathivanan T, Elumalai K, Krishnappa K, Anandan A. Ovicidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). dirus for 0.83h. Phasomkusolsi et al. In addition, studies were excluded if the information could not be extracted. [50] also supported that burning of 25 g of dried O. europaea, comparable to Amer et al. 2011;4:698705. Oregano is a medicinal herb known for its antioxidant and anti-microbial, anti-parasitic properties. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. J Parasitol Res. The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. Step Four: Fill the rest of the bottle with distilled water, leaving enough space at the top to shake the mixture. Allow it to sit for 15 minutes. dirus for 1.08h. Cinnamomumisa genus in the Laurel family, Lauraceae, several of which are investigated for their antibacterial activity by means of essential oils from bark and leaves [67]. Soderlund DM, Bloomquist JR. Neurotoxic actions of pyrethroid insecticides. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Oregano research is used to study the medicinal properties of oregano, such as its potential to act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial agent. Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. What is oregano few lines about? Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Malar J. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. 2016;115:180716. Aquaculture. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. 2012;38:1416. 2005;36:1423. 2015;46:596601. Meat Sci. Parasitol Res. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The studies in the last two decades have focused on the search for new natural repellents and some plants displayed good repellent activities, but few natural products have been developed so far [88, 89]. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. 2015;14:307. Mosquitoes are believed to be one of the dangerous insects in the world, as they bring diseases fatal to mankind. How to Make Oregano Oil. [6], with 100% protection against An. Oregano (Scientific name: Origanum vulgare) is also known as Wild Marjoram, Mountain Mint, Origanum, Wintersweet and Winter Marjoram. Objective To produce insecticide out of Lemon grass is our objective. First, a poorly inspected confounding aspect is the effect of sweating on the effectiveness and protection time of repellents, which are approximately all water-soluble, and this might limits the comparability of repellents. While alternative uses such as excite-repellency and spatial activity have also been examined [87]. 2016;23:2322838. Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. In order to create natural mixture this can kill insects. Lupi E, Hatz C, Schlagenhauf P. The efficacy of repellents against Aedes, Anopheles, Culex and Ixodes spp. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. Karunamoorthi et al. Olfaction in mosquito-host interactions. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. Fabbri A, Hormaza J, Polito V. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars. For the fastest reinstatement, please tell . In the Philippines, it has a local named known as "tanglad". Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. 2008;319:183842. 2015;14:187. J Food Agric Environ. J Med Entomol. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Hrfaieh iksh lis `ffe usfd me tridmtmheik nfdmjmefs ghr sujl imknfets is, istlni, jrinpmea, dmirrlfi, ied medmafstmhe. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Statement of Goals and Objectives. 2008;15:1012. Imagine a natural mosquito repellant without using strong DEET's and other pesticides . This study attempts to ascertain the degree of repellency of the said indigenous plants against Aedes aegypti and to use it as . All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. Take steps to control mosquitoes indoors and outdoors. vegetable glycerin. To help reduce the dengue cases, the researcher introduces oregano as component of a product mixture to repel mosquito. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T. Larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from Eastern Ghats of South India against malaria and filariasis vectors. Background of the Study Insect repellents are important public health tools for the prevention of vector- borne infectious diseases (Goddard, 2002). stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. The boiling water will slowly melt the wax. Turn the heat to high so that the water boils. Article Aim: This qualitative study was aimed at testing the repellent efficacy; and suitability of Cymbopogoncitratus (Lemongrass) for the development of natural product-based mosquito repellent. Ansari et al. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. stephensi. PubMed Central 2012;111:195364. FOIA In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The reported case-fatality rate was 0.02%. Burning. Once a week, empty and scrub, turn over, cover, or throw out items that hold water, such as tires, buckets, planters . Oregano is a medicinal and aromatic plant of value in the pharmaceutical, food, feed additive, and cosmetic industries. Vector-borne diseases are mainly transmitted to humans and animals by the bites of arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks, infected with one or more pathogens. 2013;11:374411. Although the protection time of citronella oil is shorter than that of DEET. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Wherein, studies claim that mosquitoes are one of the most medically major spreaders of parasites and ASIATECH ASIA TECHNOLOGICAL SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ARTS SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 5 in which we call "calamansi" are quite effective in this subject. Trop Biomed. 2021 Jan;35(1):95-121. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6785. Springer Nature. Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). This peculiarity was produced as needed in feeling of assurance from mosquitoes in the regions which . The researcher aims to find an alternative way to prevent diseases caused by insects by employing oregano extract as a natural insect repellant. Effectiveness of plant-based repellents against different Anopheles species: a systematic review. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Catnipisa perennial plant that belongs to the mint family, Labiatae. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of leaf and twig extracts of stout camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, and the effects on immunity and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. CAS 2014;4:S21420. 2022 Feb;86(2):299-312. doi: 10.1007/s10493-022-00692-0. 2000;71:26771. The ingredient that the researchers are going to use is Lemongrass. In addition, a manual search was conducted to identify further pertinent articles using references from retrieved studies. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. New Delhi: Springer; 2016. p. 19. lemongrass oil extracts are more effective repellents than candles with only oregano or lemongrass oil. Abu-Darwish MS, Abu-Dieyeh ZH, Mufeed B, Al-Tawaha ARM, Al-Dalain SYA. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. The research subjects was Aedes aegypti obtained by the colony of the mosquitoes which were breeding from larvae to become adult mosquitoes following the natural cycle of mosquitoes. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Marigolds possesses an unpleasant smell mosquito hate. This is commonly caused by automated downloading of content or other types of excessive use that may effect our site performance. All other botanical. Amer A, Mehlhorn H. Repellency effect of forty-one essential oils against Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex mosquitoes. Almehmadi RM. Further, oregano oil is as strong as chlorine bleach and can be used in cleaning. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. In: Veer V, Gopalakrishnan R, editors. Bioresource Technol. Terms and Conditions, The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. 2006;99:478. Trop Med Int Health. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. The control of these insect pests is an important aspect of the prevention of foodborne diseases, which represent a significant public health threat worldwide. 2009;9:26458. Arthropod transmitted illnesses cause serious problems for humans and domesticated animals in much of the habitable world. Larvicidal dose-response laboratory testing showed promising results for carvacrolrich oregano oil and pure carvacrol against Cx. dirus. 2019 Dec 3;24(23):4421. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234421. 2009;41:28. (Kettle, 1995) The study is to utilize lemongrass, garlic, and marigold (Maia & Moore, 2011). 2012;49:86. Stop mosquitoes from laying eggs in or near water. Conclusion: Oregano oil 40% exhibited more repellency compared to commercial insect repellent stick containing 33% DEET. 2011;1:S1138. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. J Agric Biol Sci. Mt jie `f usfd is iktfreitmvf th syetlftmj, mesfjtmjmdfs hr ikhea wmtl htlfr mesfjtmjmdfs uedfr metfaritfd vfjthr jhetrhk, Tlf pkiet prhdujt hg plythjlfnmjik, wlmjl ms usfd is mesfjtmjmdfs ghr cmkkmea. Malar J. Whether it's for culinary use or use as mosquito repellent plants! Parasitol Res. Me Arffjf, ie hrfaieh megusmhe ms stmkk. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. Google Scholar. This insect repellent is derived from the nepeta cataria plant. PubMed Malar J. stephensi. Scope and limitation This study is using oregano leaves as mosquito repellent. The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. Malar J. Soonwera M. Efficacy of essential oil from Cananga odorata (Lamk.) Malaria Journal Trongtokit Y, Rongsriyam Y, Komalamisra N, Apiwathnasorn C. Comparative repellency of 38 essential oils against mosquito bites. 2015;114:60112. Phytother Res. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-019-3064-8. The heterogeneity in the results of the previous studies might be stem from differences in compound concentrations, application dosages, mosquito species, formulations and the assessment method of repellency, as in some trials the protection time until mosquitoes landed was recorded, whereas in the majority of studies the time until mosquitoes bite was considered.