0000005363 00000 n 0000015654 00000 n Paramahansa Yogananda, an Indian yogi and guru, introduced many westerners to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his book, Autobiography of a Yogi.[37]. Additionally, 11,000 volunteers participated in World Changers, which ministers to needy residents by restoring their homes. Missions - SBC.net The Arab merchants and traders became the carriers of the new religion, and they propagated it wherever they went. NAMB trustee David Fannin of Nassau Bay, Texas, predicted the number of MSC volunteers will increase significantly to between 7,500 and . According to Sikhs, when he was twenty-eight, Guru Nanak went as usual down to the river to bathe and meditate. But with dwindling reservesthe IMB now has enough cash for only two more years at its current rate of spendingexpenses needed to be cut. The North American Mission Board and state convention partners organize Southern Baptists response to disasters. Young women who desire to serve as missionaries can serve starting at the age of nineteen, for one and a half years. William Muir, The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 135. Sturrock, J., South Canara and Madras District Manual (2 vols., Madras, 1894-1895), H. T. Norris: "Islam in the Balkans: religion and society between Europe and the Arab world" 1993 pp.21-27. For the percentage of black missionaries to approach the percentage of black church members in the SBC overall6 percent, according to Pew Researchnearly half of the 500 new missionary slots the IMB aims to create over the next five years would have to be filled by African Americans. I want you to know that those who went were those laypersons who were sitting in the pews, just like you are doing today, he said. David Platt addresses IMB trustees on February 24, 2016. [46] However it was not until the end of the 13th century that the process of Islamization began to spread throughout the areas local communities and port towns. The Byzantines expanded their missionary work in Ukraine after the mass baptism in Kiev in 988. Since the 1960s, many westerners attracted by the world view presented in Asian religious systems have converted to Hinduism. First supported by the Soga clan, Buddhism rose over the objections of the pro-Shinto Mononobe[11] and Buddhism entrenched itself in Japan with the conversion of Prince Shotoku Taishi. Missionaries can be found in many countries around the world. "[97], A 2016 study found that regions in Sub-Saharan Africa that Protestant missionaries brought printing presses to are today "associated with higher newspaper readership, trust, education, and political participation. During the Ottoman presence in the Balkans, missionary movements were taken up by people from aristocratic families hailing from the region, who had been educated in Constantinople or other major city within the Empire such as the famed madrassahs and kulliyes. Site by Mere. Taisen Deshimaru was a Japanese Zen Buddhist who founded numerous zendos in France. The International Mission Board (IMB) and North American Mission Board (NAMB) assist churches in evangelizing, discipling, and planting reproducing churches in our nation and around the world in fulfillment of the Great Commission. %PDF-1.6 % Korean and African missionaries can now be found all over the world. Get the most recent headlines and stories from Christianity Today delivered to your inbox daily. Womans Missionary Union challenges Christian believers to understand and be radically involved in the mission of God. [30] Independently, the men had written extensively about the concept, Father Price in his magazine Truth, and Father Walsh in the pages of A Field Afar, an early incarnation of Maryknoll Magazine. Research Maps - IMB The weight of this reality is especially felt in regions outside the Southern . Seattle President Bradshaw (1984-1987) Group: 6. Philadelphia: J. h1 04t\GMyC. A Christian missionary can be defined as "one who is to witness across cultures". Most Ugandans assume Southern Baptist missionary George Smith is one of them. There are also local missionaries and international missionaries. They become vital parts of the ministry teams in NAMB Send Cities and at Send Relief Ministry Centers. Bebbington, David. hb```f``S``c`a`@ Y_000]a[~r"JPiSi,erP;7M'Pk]6,Xl@II"$/u\eXp5k%s,l Southern Baptists Lose Almost 1,000 Missionaries as IMB Cu | News [I]n order to get to a healthy position for a future like Ive talked about, we have to get to a healthy place in the present.. Though Asians comprise less than 1 percent of Southern Baptists according to Pew, 222 Asian Americans represent 6 percent of the IMBs missionary force. Prior to 2010, that information was not confidential. In the earlier stages of the Ottoman Empire, a Turkic form of Shamanism was still widely practiced in Anatolia, but soon lost ground to Sufism. [75] He made four distinct major journeys, in the four different directions, which are called Udasis, spanning many thousands of kilometres, preaching the message of God. According to Chinese records, all these requests were granted. NAMB does not list a cap on funds for x-factor plants and only states their funding as whatever they need. If you have 600 churches planted in a year and a $69M budget in a year, that could mean that 6 of those churches get $6.9M dollars ($1.1M each) while the majority of planters get less than $13,000 a year. 0000011454 00000 n Madhya Pradesh (India)., & Niyogi, M. B. Orthodox Judaism outreach (kiruv) encourages non-practicing Jews to become more knowledgeable and observant of halakha (Jewish law). New Jersey churches excluded from historic preservation grant sue county for discrimination, John Piper: 'If our only good news is our healing ministry, we're going to disappoint millions of people', Most adults in 17 countries say belief in God not necessary to be moral, have good values: study, Travel: Come for an old church, stay for the place, 5 reasons why prayer must accompany evangelism, What people use WhatsApp, Telegram for in Iran, Afghanistan might surprise you, Myth 18: Divorce is the unpardonable sin and 'God hates divorce', Evangelical woman: New immigration bill will increase human trafficking risk, The Messiah didnt endure crucifixion for nothing. Mega Church Millions: When it comes to church planting there is almost no transparency from NAMB. Sign up for our newsletter: Missionaries of color often gain a hearing in countries where Anglo missionaries are inhibited by the history problem of white colonialism and racism. "We're very pleased with the response.". For live people group data, visit peoplegroups.org (IMB). An account of this is given in Gangji Garan Engi. The northeastern sector of the country was also influenced by an influx of Hausa Muslim traders from the 16th century onwards, Islamic influence first occurred in India in the early 7th century with the advent of Arab traders. Schmidt and his family returned to Uganda in January. Catherine is one of 52 missionaries who participated in the IMB Sending Celebration. In a post at Conservative Resurgence: Voices, five churches were detailed promoting egalitarianism. Yet, we still fail to keep pace with population growth. Later, the Seljuk Turks' conquest of Anatolia made it easier for missionaries to go lands that formerly belonged to the Byzantine Empire. Over the years, as indigenous churches have matured, the church of the Global South (Africa, Asia, and Latin America) has become the driving force in missions. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Reaching Nairobi at the close of the 19th century, he led a group of other Muslims, and enthusiastic missionaries from the coast to establish a "Swahili village" in present-day Pumwani. 0000002290 00000 n Chicago: Childrens Press (1993), pg. The Serbian Orthodox Church had its origins in the conversion by Byzantine missionaries of the Serb tribes when they arrived in the Balkans in the 7th century. In the Latin translation of the Bible, Jesus Christ says the word when he sends the disciples into areas and commands them to preach the gospel in his name. The North American Mission Board (NAMB) has an egalitarian problem. Over 800 attended an emotional missionary commissioning service held at the Mountain Park First Baptist Church in Atlanta on Sunday, Nov. 7. It may be noted that all the Jain monuments of Rajasthan and Gujarat, with unknown builders are also attributed to Emperor Samprati. Even in the pre-Islamic era, Arab traders used to visit the Malabar region, which linked them with the ports of Southeast Asia. Unlike years past, we do not know how many planters are funded. Southern Baptists are starting 1,500 new churches every year, more than any other faith group. Make available all Sikh artifacts, posters, literature, music, educational videos, DVDs, and multimedia CD-ROMs. One of those Trustees now works at NAMB. Countering arguments that the Church needed workers here, Fathers Walsh and Price insisted the Church would not flourish until it sent missioners overseas. The Moravian work in South Africa inspired William Carey and the founders of the British Baptist missions. (, Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 188. Efforts over the past four decades to make the SBCs racial composition reflect the kingdom of God have yet to fully overcome the conventions history. Today Buddhists make a decent proportion of several countries in the West such as New Zealand, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, France, and the United States. Historically, Hinduism has only recently had a large influence in western countries such as the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada. These personnel may . The President of NAMB is Kevin Ezell. IMB leadership believes that, without question, God will continue to lead every one of its personnel on mission. The SBC Executive Committee asked about that issue in 2016, and the IMB responded that its voluntary retirement incentive did not have a significant impact on the number, balance, and ratio of African Americans serving on the field. When he returned to Herrnhut in Saxony, he inspired the inhabitants of the village it had fewer than thirty houses then to send out "messengers" to the slaves in the West Indies and to the Moravian missions in Greenland. There are more than 3,000 SBC chaplains. The International Mission Board (IMB) and North American Mission Board (NAMB) assist churches in evangelizing, discipling, and planting reproducing churches in our nation and around the world in fulfillment of the Great Commission. NAMB and the Divine Transgender - Servants and Heralds His proselytizing is said to have converted many to Buddhism in China, and made Chang'an, present-day Xi'an, a major center of Buddhism. [13], Bryant Wright was selected as president of Send Relief by NAMB and IMB in March 2020.[14]. All of the major cities in the country have mosques and there are several Islamic schools. Samprati is said to have erected Jain temples throughout his empire. In 1390, the Minangkabau's Prince Rajah Baguinda and his followers preached Islam on the islands. He also got to know a slave from the Danish colony in the West Indies. Seattle Pres. The Church is God's planyou are God's planto reach North America and the nations with the North American Mission Board (NAMB) Subsequent settlements by Arab missionaries traveling to Malaysia and Indonesia helped strengthen Islam in the Philippines and each settlement was governed by a Datu, Rajah, and a Sultan. Rebecca Chan Chung, Deborah Chung and Cecilia Ng Wong, "Piloted to Serve", 2012, Mrs. Robert S. McMichael, "The Story of Fred P. Manget", For the Woman's Auxiliary of the, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Buddhist Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The History of India as told by its own Historians, Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah), List of Roman Catholic missionaries in China, List of Roman Catholic missionaries in India, List of missionaries to the South Pacific, List of Protestant missionaries to Southeast Asia, List of Roman Catholic missions in Africa, Missionary religious institutes and societies, Portuguese Inquisition in Goa and Bombay-Bassein, A Mathematic Expression of Art: Sino-Iranian and Uighur Textile Interactions and the Turfan Textile Collection in Berlin, "Ananda Metteya, the First British Emissary of Buddhism; see note 36", "Tibetan Buddhism in France: A Missionary Religion? The use of missions, councils, and monastic institutions influenced the emergence of Christian missions and organizations, which developed similar structures in places that were formerly Buddhist missions.[12]. At a later stage of development these foundations are raised to regular diocesan status with a local bishops appointed. They were Honduran Baptist churches, Chinese Baptist churches, Ukrainian Baptist churches. Rob Wilton, Son of famous Pastor Don Wilton and poster boy from NAMB who is a part of three networks lives in a NAMB house, whose original building was bought by NAMB, and had 11 other homes/units all next to his original church plant in Pittsburgh. Mega Millions - Reform NAMB Now 0000019976 00000 n 6cTz(K>W 1iF Missionaries belonging to the Ahmadiyya thought of Islam often study at International Islamic seminaries and educational institutions, known as Jamia Ahmadiyya. The objectives of WMU reflect a biblical understanding of missions and provide a holistic approach to missions awareness and participation. Johnny Hunt, pastor of First Baptist Church, Woodstock, Ga., led the Bible study focused on John 3:16 and extended an invitation. As the Catholic Church normally organizes itself along territorial lines and had the human and material resources, religious orders, some even specializing in it, undertook most missionary work, especially in the era after the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West. Many church plants/planters are funded through money set aside as Church Planting Funds (CPF) in the budgets of state Baptist conventions. In Acts 11:19 we read about the church going to the uttermost parts of the world. The gateways prominently expanded to include the aforementioned trade routes through the Eastern shores of the African continent. Baptists can 'adopt' NAMB missionaries | Baptist Press We are all missionaries, today and every day.. With a dramatic increase in efforts since the 20th century, and a strong push since the Lausanne I: The International Congress on World Evangelization in Switzerland in 1974,[24] modern evangelical groups have focused efforts on sending missionaries to every ethnic group in the world. Domestic missionaries often work in shelters, soup kitchens, health clinics and other organizations or places that fulfill the . [1], In 1997, the Home Mission Board merged with the Brotherhood Commission and Radio and Television Commission to form the North American Mission Board. As of December 2019, the LDS Church had over 67,000 full-time missionaries worldwide[28] and over 31,000 Service Missionaries. Dr. Robert E. (Bob) Reccord, president of NAMB, has pledged the agency will use every appropriate means, including the most powerful technologies, to place special emphasis on four priorities: You can lead your church to pray for, learn about, and give to the support of the staff and missionaries carrying on this work in all fifty states, U.S. territories, and the nation of Canada. B. Lippincott Co. (1966); pg. Southern Baptists in North America worship in 110 languages every week in more than 7,000 ethnic SBC congregations. Many other groups are also represented in the Netherlands, like the Order of Buddhist Contemplatives in Apeldoorn, the Thich Nhat Hanh Order of Interbeing and the International Zen Institute Noorderpoort[21] monastery/retreat centre in Drenthe, led by Jiun Hogen Roshi. Not wisdom. The Offering supports NAMB's two major thrusts: evangelism and church planting. A statement on the release of a list of alleged abusers. [45] The spread, although at first introduced through Arab Muslim traders, continued to saturate through the Indonesian people as local rulers and royalty began to adopt the religion subsequently leading their subjects to mirror their conversion. missio), meaning 'act of sending' or mittere, meaning 'to send'. Many of these funds come from NAMB. Conversion to Islam in prisons,[58] and in large urban areas[59] has also contributed to Islam's growth over the years. Jamia students may be appointed by the Caliph either as Missionaries of the community (often called Murrabi, Imam, or Mawlana) or as Qadis or Muftis of the Ahmadiyya Muslim community with a specialisation in matters of fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence). The overage has been paid through reserve funds and selling missionary housing and other property overseas, CT reported in August. Learn more. Jared Wellman to be nominated to lead SBC Executive Committee, FIRST-PERSON: Policies and procedures protect everyone, FROM THE SEMINARIES: Great Commission Week at SBTS; MBTS Fusion commissionings, new theology journal, Post-COVID Perspective: Pandemic pause left no long-term changes in Southern Baptist missions, Post-COVID Perspective: Religious liberty affirmed by courts during pandemic, Post-COVID Perspective: Pandemic catalyzes churches to cast evangelistic net with online services, Personal victory from pornography addiction drives church recovery ministry, Youth sports dont have to be a graveyard for testimonies, Easter story in Muscogee language spreads Gospel, revives Native tongue, Sudan civil conflict destroying churches, displacing Christians, Effort to revive ERA falls short in Senate. 0000018231 00000 n 2023 Southern Baptist Convention. 0000001176 00000 n An estimated US$45billion has been spent by the Saudi Arabian government financing mosques and Islamic schools in foreign countries. There are already more than 300 needs posted to the map and more are on the way. Barely Anyone Reads the Bible in Germany. Southern Baptists Have Only 13 African American Career Missionaries Padmasambhava, The Lotus Born, was a sage guru from Oiyna who is said to have transmitted Vajrayana Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet and neighbouring countries in the 8th century. This group has a relatively large centre where a teacher and some students live permanently. 0000020885 00000 n [50] This fact is corroborated, by J. Sturrock in his South Kanara and Madras Districts Manuals,[51] and also by Haridas Bhattacharya in Cultural Heritage of India Vol. (. Gandhi was most likely the first Jain and the first Gujarati to travel to the United States, and his statue still stands at the Jain temple in Chicago. I attempted to find out how many missionaries are fully funded by NAMB for the past five years. Thich Nhat Hanh, a Nobel Peace Prize-nominated, Vietnamese-born Zen Buddhist, founded the Unified Buddhist Church (Eglise Bouddhique Unifie) in France in 1969. It is involved in Southern Baptist church planting and revitalization, coordinating one of the United States's largest disaster relief agencies through the cooperation of state Baptist relief agencies, creating evangelism resources and other programs such as chaplaincy support and pastoral training. List of American Southern Baptist missionaries in China, https://snaccooperative.org/view/66261239, "RTVC building sale closes final chapter on Southern Baptist radio, television efforts", "NAMB trustees pass significantly reduced budget", https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/bob-reccord-resigns-as-namb-president/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/namb-president-3-associates-resign/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/ezell-elected-namb-president/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/vance-pitman-joins-namb-as-national-mobilizer/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/vance-pitman-to-lead-nambs-send-network/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/send-networks-dhati-lewis-leaving-namb-for-new-project/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/send-network-unveils-new-values-leadership-team-spanish-website/, https://www.baptistpress.com/resource-library/news/imb-namb-name-bryant-wright-send-relief-president/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_Mission_Board&oldid=1151536459, This page was last edited on 24 April 2023, at 17:20. [95], A 2020 study by Elena Nikolova and Jakub Polansky replicates Woodberry's analysis[95] using twenty-six alternative democracy measures and extends the time period over which the democracy measures are averaged. In their turn, Christians from Ireland (the Hiberno-Scottish mission) and from Britain (Saint Boniface (ca 675754), and the Anglo-Saxon mission, for example) became prominent in converting the inhabitants of central Europe. Text Book of Islam Book 1. Q5]I #L There have been several Sikh missionaries: Sikhs have emigrated to many countries of the world since Indian independence in 1947. The news is disappointing to all of us," SBC president Ronnie Floyd told Baptist Press. In addition, black Christians historically have been segregated from seminaries, white mission agencies, and some denominations with a focus on world missions. He sent tribute missions to Liang in 534 and 541, on the second occasion requesting artisans as well as various Buddhist works and a teacher. [29], In Montreal in 1910, Father James Anthony Walsh, a priest from Boston, met Father Thomas Frederick Price, from North Carolina. They contribute manpower, ministry, and financial help during floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, fires, earthquakes, and urban disasters. He plans to recruit by visiting churches, attending conferences and. Nation has deemed pastors as essential workers," Gibbs said. nanda Mrga, organizationally known as nanda Mrga Pracaraka Samgha (AMPS), meaning the samgha (organization) for the propagation of the marga (path) of ananda (bliss), is a social and spiritual movement[38][39] founded in Jamalpur, Bihar, India, in 1955 by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (19211990), also known by his spiritual name,[40] Shrii Shrii nandamrti. Home - NAMB Staff [97] Areas that had Jesuit missions are today indistinct from the areas that had no missions. This reset is not regress or retreat, Floyd told Baptist Press. Though when the Church establishes a governance, usually this results in a formation of a national or regional military. One in Four Pastors Plan to Retire Before 2030, Steven Curtis Chapman Ranked Alongside George Strait and Madonna. Modern missionary work in the United States has increased greatly in the last one hundred years, with much of the recent demographic growth driven by conversion. Swami Vivekananda, the founder of the Ramakrishna Mission is one of the greatest Hindu missionaries to the West. 0000013544 00000 n Missionaries serve as young adults or in their retired years as singles or couples. What NAMB does not share in their public document is who is qualified to be fully funded or how they make those decisions. A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.. They are committed to winning North America for Christ. While the older couple will serve in Denver in church planting among a variety of ethnic groups, the younger couple will be statewide missionaries for multiethnic church planting. 0000022167 00000 n Although not classified as missionaries, Southern Baptist endorsed chaplains minister in many of the same ways in the military, institutions such as prisons and hospitals, and in business and industry. Fast Facts - SBC.net The 2022 North American Mission Board Ministry Report is the compilation of NAMB's response to questions, and related reports, and is presented in four separate groupings. Washington Seattle Mission | My Mission The mission of the International Mission Board is evangelizing, discipling and planting reproducing churches among all peoples in fulfillment of the Great Commission. Washington, and Inquiries, DC 20036 USA202-419-4300 | Main202-419-4349 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media. The Russian Orthodox Church also sent missionaries to Alaska beginning in the 18th century, including Saint Herman of Alaska (died 1836), to minister to the Natives. Despite efforts to organize African American mission work to Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, the number of black missionaries remained small, according to Process, a blog run by the Organization of American Historians. Ausberry, of NAAF, believes only the hand of God could lead the SBC from its racist beginnings to the election Fred Luter as its first black president in 2012. NAMB sharpens Mission Service Corps, anticipates surge in number of ANAHEIM, Calif. On Tuesday morning of the 2022 Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) Annual Meeting, an International Mission Board (IMB) Sending Celebration was observed. 0000016977 00000 n So global missions would likely take a back seat to ministry and people right in front of them.. These groupings are: President's Letter, Ministry Inquiries, Ministry Goals and Accomplishments, and Financial Statements. 0000035716 00000 n Yet fulfilling the Great Commission requires every race in the game, Logan said. Alonzo A. Hinckley 2001-04 Group: 4. Stay informed and inspired with our weekly missions newsletter, featuring the latest news and stories from the field, as well as practical resources and tools to help you on your own missions journey. NW, 1615 L. S., Suite 8. 3031. 0000010852 00000 n According with many Eastern and Western spiritual traditions, master and disciples often have a spiritual name in addition to that given to them by their parents. Early Protestant missionaries included John Eliot and contemporary ministers including John Cotton and Richard Bourne, who ministered to the Algonquin natives who lived in lands claimed by representatives of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the early 17th century. Over 800 attended an emotional missionary commissioning service held at the Mountain Park First Baptist Church in Atlanta on Sunday, Nov. 7. In 1732, while on a visit in 1732 to Copenhagen for the coronation of his cousin King Christian VI, the Moravian Church's patron Nicolas Ludwig, Count von Zinzendorf, was very struck by its effects, and particularly by two visiting Inuit children converted by Hans Egede. Writers such as Hermann Hesse and Jack Kerouac, in the West, and the hippie generation of the late 1960s and early 1970s led to a re-discovery of Buddhism. Last month, the IMB announced the hiring of Jason Thomas as a full-time African American church mobilization strategist. NAMB recommends that employees disinfect their desk and/or office at least two times a day; therefore, disinfecting materials will be provided on each floor. One of the first large-scale missionary endeavors of the British colonial age was the Baptist Missionary Society, founded in 1792 as the Particular Baptist Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Amongst the Heathen. [34], Shantidas Adhikari was a Hindu preacher from Sylhet who converted King Pamheiba of Manipur to Hinduism in 1717.[35]. All have emergency needs related to COVID-19. The financial realities are clear, Platt told CT at the time. Is It Ethical to Leave Uncontacted Tribes Alone? 2023 Southern Baptist Convention. [44] From the 7th century, it spread rapidly from the Arabian Peninsula to the rest of the world through the initial Muslim conquests and subsequently with traders and explorers after the death of Muhammad. A 2012 study by political scientist Robert Woodberry, focusing on Protestant missionaries, found that they have often left a very positive societal impact in the areas where they worked. In 1380, Karim ul' Makhdum the first Arabian Islamic missionary reached the Sulu Archipelago and Jolo in the Philippines and established Islam in the country. They agreed on the need to build a seminary for the training of young American men for the foreign Missions. [73] This approach has been rejected by both Orthodox Judaism and Conservative Judaism[74] as unrealistic and posing a danger on the entire Jewish faith. Other ethnic groups already have been mobilized beyond the levels of African Americans. A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development. Sad to see it hidden now. . Jainism retreated to the West and Northwest, which have remained its stronghold to the present.[71]. Gradually, all India and the neighboring island of Ceylon were converted. These missionaries represent a major shift in church history where the nations they came from were not historically Christian. [87] In 2003, it operated approximately twenty thousand mission stations worldwide. Over time, the Holy See gradually established a normalized Church structure in the mission areas, often starting with special jurisdictions known as apostolic prefectures and apostolic vicariates.