Thus, non-coercive forces are to be present in the process of internalization of the dominant group ideas by the dominated and legitimated through the Ideological states apparatuses. Capitalized terms used herein (including in the immediately preceding sentence) and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Section 9.01 hereof. Strinaty, 1995: 168-169) holds that Hegemony operates culturally and ideologically through state ideological apparatuses which characterizes capitalist societies and that these institutions namely the church, the family, the school, popular culture, etc. 0000000016 00000 n %%EOF Repressive State Apparatuses are the means of force in society like, 1 Jacques Marie mile Lacan (13 April 1901 9 September 1981) was a French psychoanalyst and psychiatrist who had a great influence of philosophy. The ideological state apparatus ultimately enables the hegemony of the bourgeoisie to be maintained from one generation to the next. 55 0 obj <> endobj This public Special Thanks to Frank Pope and Joe Casale for providing photographs used on this site. Influence, power and control are all legitimate and complementary interpretations. Therefore, being ELT organized by the state it turns to be relatively simple to scrutinize how ELT serves the three main functions of education: economic-reproductive, ideological and repressive. endobj A state apparatus cannot be exclusively repressive or exclusively ideological. 2y.-;!KZ ^i"L0- @8(r;q7Ly&Qq4j|9 dXXERhFi/o_~X4:$#qeMwCZ>CmXT>Q -which can physically quash dissent and rebellion. . the bourgeoisie. This First Amendment to the Agreement and Plan of Merger (this First Amendment) is entered into as of May 22, 2016, by and among Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Luminex Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and Commodore Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Luminex Corporation. A theory that reinforces the hegemonic conception of English is Bourdieu .. Pennycook (1994) draws from Ndebele (1987) to support, this view that English produces and reproduces lites who consistently profit, teaching [and learning] English as a second or foreign language is, not only good business, in terms of the production of teaching materials, of all kinds but also it is good politics. (p. 63). He makes clear that, in order for these processes to be successful, capitalist societies put into operation (repressive) state and ideological state apparatuses. In other words, force is used to obtain compliance in the society (Francis, 1995). .h%cU&QV1-O|,&O"ZI}Dh)$^lqPQ:DJH7STW]IDiwt[M" Althusser (xxxx) points out that, to assure its existence and continuity, every (industrialized) social formation must reproduce the conditions of its production at the same time as it produces. Therefore, societies must be able to reproduce and maintain their productive forces as well as the exiting relations of production. <> States of Injury. Cook County is a circuit unto itself; most other circuits are composed of two or Althussers understanding of ideology has in turn influenced a number of important Marxist thinkers, including Chantalle Mouffe, Ernesto Laclau, Slavoj Zizek, and Fredric Jameson. 0000001643 00000 n The Company has also granted to the several Underwriters an option to purchase up to an aggregate of 2,250,000 additional shares of Common Stock, on the terms and for the purposes set forth in Section 3 hereof (the Option Shares). Registration Rights Agreement June 11th, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Securities Purchase Agreement December 22nd, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Nanosphere Inc June 11th, 2015 Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Nanosphere Inc December 8th, 2015 Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Common Stock Purchase December 18th, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Loan and Security Agreement May 7th, 2013 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Common Stock Purchase Agreement March 18th, 2014 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Illinois, Registration Rights Agreement March 18th, 2014 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Illinois, Support Agreement May 16th, 2016 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Delaware, Nanosphere Inc May 7th, 2013 Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Delaware, Loan and Security Agreement August 13th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc California, Underwriting Agreement October 27th, 2014 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Purchase Agreement September 18th, 2013 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Purchase Agreement May 13th, 2013 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Registration Rights Agreement May 14th, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Agreement and Plan of Merger May 16th, 2016 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Delaware, Purchase Agreement October 21st, 2009 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Severance Agreement August 11th, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Illinois, Retention Agreement August 11th, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Illinois, Nanosphere Inc May 7th, 2013 Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Confidentiality Agreement June 2nd, 2016 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Employment Agreement January 2nd, 2013 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Illinois, Underwriting Agreement October 29th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Note and Warrant Purchase Agreement September 27th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Delaware, The Agreement and Plan of Merger May 23rd, 2016 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Registration Rights Agreement December 8th, 2015 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Option Award Agreement August 13th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc, Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement May 8th, 2013 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Registration Rights Agreement November 5th, 2009 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus New York, Settlement Agreement and Intellectual Property Purchase Agreement August 24th, 2010 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Delaware, Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement February 16th, 2012 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus, Non-Exclusive License Agreement September 27th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc Surgical & medical instruments & apparatus Illinois, Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement August 13th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc, Employment Agreement August 13th, 2007 Nanosphere Inc Illinois. 0000002482 00000 n WebAll the State Apparatuses function both by repression and by ideology, with the difference that the (Repressive) State Apparatus functions massively and predominantly by These repressive state apparatuses vary in form. endstream endobj 508 0 obj<>/OCGs[510 0 R]>>/PieceInfo<>>>/LastModified(D:20040324093957)/MarkInfo<>>> endobj 510 0 obj<>/PageElement<>>>>> endobj 511 0 obj<>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/ExtGState<>>>/StructParents 24>> endobj 512 0 obj<> endobj 513 0 obj<> endobj 514 0 obj[/Indexed 517 0 R 255 523 0 R] endobj 515 0 obj<> endobj 516 0 obj<>stream This apparatus has been installed by the bourgeoisie, the author explains, to replace the previously predominant ISA: the church the reason for this is that school has replaced church in its functions. He states that the power of this ISA resides on that no other ISA has the obligatory function of leading the children at their most vulnerable age, squeezed between family and school, into the capitalist social formation during such long periods of time weekly. What unites the disparate ISA, however, is their ultimate control by the ruling ideology. Ideology is a fundamental concept in sociology. WebWhat distinguishes the ISAs from the (Repressive) State Apparatus is the following basic difference: the Repressive State Apparatus functions by violence, whereas the They keep the ruling classes in their positions by keeping the lower classes repressed. The same goes for the cultural apparatus (the role of sport in chauvinism is of the first importance), etc. Althusser takes up the theory introduced by Engels and much elaborated by Mao Tse-tung that economic, political and ideological practice are the three practices (processes of production or transformation) that constitute the social formation. 0000007737 00000 n This makes of English a marketable, standard product focused on technical and pedagogical aspects, which allows cultural hegemonic matters without scrutiny. Therefore, the (repressive) state apparatus provides a shield for ISAs, which concentrate the ruling ideology, to largely secure the reproduction specifically of the relation of production.. Unlike the repressive state apparatus, the ideological state apparatus does not operate by coercion. 0000004827 00000 n Courts, police and armed forces are such apparatuses. This apparatus function mainly by violence, which not necessarily always take physical form. In other words, ELT professionalism and anglocentricity discourse disconnects culture from structure by presenting ELT as neutral and non-political, thus becoming a marketable, standard product worldwide focused on a technical approach to ELT, divorced from wider educational issues (Phillipson, xxxx). This Agreement and Plan of Merger (this "Agreement"), is entered into as of May 15, 2016, by and among Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), Luminex Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Parent"), and Commodore Acquisition, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly-owned Subsidiary of Parent ("Merger Sub"). Furthermore Pennycook (xxxx) explains that: teaching [and learning] English as a second or foreign language is not only good business, in terms of the production of teaching materials of all kinds but also it is good politics. (p. 63). Consequently, interpellation describes the process by which ideology, embodied in major social and political institutions (ISAs and RSAs), constitutes the very nature of individual subjects identities through the process of hailing them in social interactions. The family apparatus but there is no need to go on. For example, negative minority languages might be associated to poverty and conflict, which might be interpreted as disadvantages in accessing educational and economic resources. Calculate the profit margin on sales, return on assets, and return on shareholders equity for 2016. In 1997, Fire Captain James Cernauske was sworn in as fire chief and served until his retirement in 2005. Ideology itself represents the production of ideas, of conceptions, of consciousness, all that men say, imagine, conceive, and include such things as politics, laws, morality, religion, metaphysics, etc. (47). THIS NOTE AND WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT (Agreement) is made as of , 2004 by and between Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), and Lurie Investment Fund, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (the Lender). Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Different Cultures And Clothing Cultural Studies Essay, CustomWritings Professional Academic Writing Service, Tips on How to Order Essay. Well occasionally send you promo and account related emails. THIS NOTE AND WARRANT PURCHASE AGREEMENT (Agreement) is made as of December 9, 2005 by and between Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), and Lurie Investment Fund, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company (the Lender). They include the more explicitly repressive forces of the police, prisons and most obviously, the army. However, a large number of non-native English speakers are convinced that by learning, English they will enter the inner circle of those with very real economic and. Repressive State Apparatuses (RSA), Althusser says, is directly stream Why is the educational apparatus in fact the dominant Ideological State Apparatus in capitalist social formations, and how does it function? hbbd```b``"d3GHVb&E0L~V6! Suarez (2002) Linguistic hegemony is asserted and legitimated when the dominant language is promoted as a way of getting social, cultural or economic benefits out of its use. Our present department has deep roots in the community and strong The original fire station was located at 706 North 18th Avenue, where it remained until 1994 when the building was demolished in order to accommodate the expansion of Melrose Park School. Louis Althusser the Ideological State Apparatus a question of ideology The ideological state apparatus the Ideological State According to Althusser, ideology functions or acts by recruiting and transforming every single individual into subjects in a process is called interpellation. Althusser posits a series of hypotheses that he explores to clarify his understanding of ideology: Translated into French as dngation, it is one of a set of concepts for the place of the conscious system in the total psychic mechanism (the unconscious) which Althusser applies by analogy to the place of ideology in the social formation. Instructions 0000000729 00000 n In 1958, Station 2 was opened at 15th and Bloomingdale Avenues as part of the departments ongoing efforts to provide protection to the expanding industrial park and new residential subdivisions along the North Avenue corridor. --Althusser, The role of the repressive State apparatus. xbbrc`b``3 1 The repressive effect is more profound when English is applied for Education in subject rather than the language itself (Phillipson, xxxx). Louis Althusser 'Ideology and Ideological Sta, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Project Management: The Managerial Process. endobj %>r'59z94F9wM5rQC%xd.F.Fk?yW->9G7n_~yqw{zW/~g7?|p+WO4_^;T_> ?!_}tw}R9g 55otojn$~~?>9gw7?MG36`k. In fact, during revolutionary scenarios, the function of the hegemonic does not disappear but changes its character (Stillo, 1999). <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> WebHe makes the distinction between a repressive state apparatus (the police, the army, et cetera) and a plurality of ideological state apparatuses (the church, the family, the schools, the unions, et cetera). 0000008156 00000 n 0 endobj Nevertheless, in this concert, one Ideological State Apparatus certainly has the dominant role, although hardly anyone lends an ear to its music: it is so silent! endstream endobj 56 0 obj <> endobj 57 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 53 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 58 0 obj <>stream However, consent in not always achieved peacefully and may combine coercion with intellectual, moral and cultural inducement In other words, social control be sustained in two ways: coercive and consensual. Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), proposes, subject to the terms and conditions stated herein, to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule A hereto (collectively, the Underwriters or each, an Underwriter), on a several and not joint basis, an aggregate of 40,000,000 authorized but unissued shares (the Underwritten Shares) of Common Stock, par value per $0.01 share (the Common Stock), of the Company. What is the meaning of ideological state apparatus? <]>> The other distinction is that while there is one (Repressive) State Apparatus, there is a plurality of Ideological State Apparatuses, and whereas the Station 2 remains at its original location but underwent an expansion and renovation in 2003. WebWhile there is a single Repressive State Apparatus and a multitude of Ideological State Apparatuses, what unites them all is that "the ideology by which they contradictions, beneath the ruling ideology" (Althusser 98). The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). Hegemony, in this sense, can be understood as a set of ideas by means of which dominant groups strive to secure the consent of the subordinated groups to their leadership. In other words, hegemony is a struggle in which the dominant win the consent of the oppressed, with the oppressed unknowingly participating in their own oppression (McLaren, 2003). All Ideological State Apparatuses, whatever they are, contribute to the same result: the reproduction of the relations of production, i.e. Culture represents the way in which men and women define and shape their lives, while ideology is a system of values and meanings projects a particular class interest, thus the form in which consciousness is at once expressed and controlled (Stillo, 1999). 0000003784 00000 n The political apparatus by subjecting individuals to the political State ideology, the 'indirect' (parliamentary) or 'direct' (plebiscitary or fascist) 'democratic' ideology. Relevant data consist of the following. These ideas are enthusiastically supported by the benefits that monolingual communication may bring about due to the link that exist between communication and financial success. %%EOF WebIt is usually accompanied by what Althusser termed the Ideological State Apparatus, which is a soft power concept. On the one hand, departing from stringent Marxist ideas, Althusser states that the repressive state apparatus is embodied by the prison , the courts, the police, the army, etc. The State Apparatus, which defines the State as a force of repressive execution and intervention 'in the interests of the ruling classes' in the class struggle conducted by the bourgeoisie and its allies against the proletariat, is quite certainly the State, and quite certainly defines its basic 'function. THIS COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT (the Warrant) certifies that, for value received, Mark Viklund or its assigns (the Holder) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date that is six months after the date hereof (the Initial Exercise Date) and on or prior to the close of business on June 8, 2020 (the Termination Date) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), up to 2,167 shares (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the Warrant Shares) of the Companys common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the Common Stock). What is the difference between ideological state and repressive state apparatus? He thus distinguished between two sets of apparatuses. of capitalist relations of exploitation. Hence, English language becomes the vehicle that allows the dominant culture to become hegemonic since dominated classes voluntarily accept not only the language, but the dominant culture which the language brings with it through the operation non-coercive forces in view of becoming part of prosper, modern world. Including company executives, business partners, clauses and more. If not sooner paid, the entire principal amount and all accrued and unpaid interest hereunder shall be due and payable on. Copyright 2023 CustomWritings. Professionalism includes the whole body of techniques, methods and procedures, which are constantly renewed to maintain the periphery in a dependant situation. They include educational institutions, religious institutions, family, The purchase price of one share of Common Stock under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). 0000004193 00000 n trailer What are the four characteristics of ideology? 5 How does Louis Althusser describe how ideology manifests? WebThe Melrose Park Fire Department was established on July 11th, 1895 as a volunteer fire department. securing by force (physical or otherwise) the political conditions of the reproduction of relations of production which are in the last resort relations of exploitation. In other words, force is used to obtain compliance in the society (Francis, 1995). It is by transmitting the skills and knowledge necessary for workers to adjust to their role in capitalist mode of production (Francis, 1995) and producing marketable knowledge (Phillipson, xxxx) that the relation between exploiter and exploited is intensively reproduced. &/|YJ+,eL6-)G5UJ%/r_2 C05(Tcqu:!Qtk)fJN+v c:zeo++5h)!`\#^&. 1 What is the meaning of ideological state apparatus? At the same time, English promotes the entrance to a culturally modern western-like world, which enhances the ideological incorporation intensively and extensively through pop-music, films, television and magazines. a form of power that operates by means of violence. THIS WARRANT AND THE SHARES ISSUABLE HEREUNDER HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE ACT), OR THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE AND, EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN SECTIONS 5.3 AND 5.4 BELOW, MAY NOT BE OFFERED, SOLD, PLEDGED OR OTHERWISE TRANSFERRED UNLESS AND UNTIL REGISTERED UNDER SAID ACT AND LAWS OR, IN THE OPINION OF LEGAL COUNSEL IN FORM AND SUBSTANCE SATISFACTORY TO THE COMPANY, SUCH OFFER, SALE, PLEDGE OR OTHER TRANSFER IS EXEMPT FROM SUCH REGISTRATION. This Securities Purchase Agreement (this Agreement) is dated as of December 17, between Nanosphere, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a Purchaser and collectively the Purchasers).